方向控制閥簡(jiǎn)稱方向閥,主要用來通斷油路或切換油流的方向,以滿足對(duì)執(zhí)行元件的啟、停和運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的要求。按其用途可分為兩大類:?jiǎn)蜗蜷y和換向閥。
?。?/span>1)單向閥
單向閥又稱止回閥,它的功用是使油液只能單向流過。根據(jù)閥芯結(jié)構(gòu)不同,單向閥可分為球閥式和錐閥式兩種。
(2)換向閥
電磁換向閥的基本工作原理是相同的,通過電磁鐵控制滑閥閥芯的不同位置,以改變形油液的流動(dòng)方向。當(dāng)電磁鐵斷電時(shí),滑閥由彈簧保持在中間位置或初始位置(脈沖式閥除外)。若推動(dòng)故障檢查按鈕可使滑閥閥芯移動(dòng)。
電磁方向控制閥
用以改變管道內(nèi)氣體或液體流向的控制元件叫方向控制閥。
方向控制閥
在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,可根據(jù)不同的需要將方向控制閥分成若干類別:
?。?/span>1)按照氣體在管道的流動(dòng)方向,如果只允許氣體向一個(gè)方向流動(dòng),這樣的閥叫做單向型控制閥,比如單向閥,梭閥等;可以改變氣體流向的控制閥叫做換向閥,比如常用的2way2port,2way3port,2way5port,3way5port等。
(2)按照控制方式可分為電磁閥,機(jī)械閥,氣控閥,人控閥。其中電磁閥又可以分為單和雙電控閥兩種;機(jī)械閥可分為球頭閥,滾輪閥等多種;氣控閥也可分為單氣控和雙氣控閥;人力閥 可以分為手動(dòng)閥,腳踏閥兩種。
?。?/span>3)按工作原理可以分為直動(dòng)閥和先導(dǎo)閥,直動(dòng)閥就是靠人力或者電磁力,氣動(dòng)力直接實(shí)現(xiàn)換向要求的閥;先導(dǎo)閥是由先導(dǎo)頭和閥主體2部分構(gòu)成,有先導(dǎo)頭活塞驅(qū)動(dòng)閥主體里面的閥桿實(shí)現(xiàn)換向。
?。?/span>4)根據(jù)換向閥桿的工作位置可以將閥分為2way,3way閥。
?。?/span>5)根據(jù)閥上氣孔的多少來進(jìn)行劃分,可以分為2port,3port,5port閥。
普通單向閥(逆止閥或止回閥)
功用:只允許油液正向流動(dòng),不許反流。
分類:直通式、直角式
結(jié)構(gòu):閥體、閥心錐形、鋼球式 、彈簧等
工作原理:液流從進(jìn)油口流入時(shí),A →B
液流從出油口流入時(shí),A → B
開啟壓力:0、04——0、1MPa
做背壓閥:Pk=0.2——0.6 MPa 3
液控單向閥
功用:正向流通,反向受控流通
結(jié)構(gòu):普通單向閥+液控裝置
K不通壓力油,A → B
工作原理<
K通壓力油,A → B
結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn):B→ A, PB=P工,很高
彈簧腔背壓很大,pk很大時(shí)才能頂開閥心,影響可靠性。
故 可采用如下措施
1) 采用先導(dǎo)閥預(yù)先卸壓
2) 采用外泄口回油降低背壓
應(yīng)用: 液控單向閥具有良好的反密封性
常用于保壓、鎖緊和平衡回路
梭閥、雙壓閥和快速排氣閥
1) 梭閥 ——相當(dāng)于兩個(gè)單向閥組合的閥
具有邏輯"或門"功能.在邏輯回路和程序控制回路中廣泛運(yùn)用,在手動(dòng)---自動(dòng)回路的轉(zhuǎn)換上常用。
因梭閥在換向過程中存在路路通過程,因此當(dāng)某一接口進(jìn)氣量或排氣量非常小的時(shí)候,閥的前后不能產(chǎn)生使閥正常換向的壓力差,使閥不能*換向而中途停止,造成閥的動(dòng)作失靈。所以在使用時(shí)因注意,不要在某一接口處采用變徑接頭造成通路過小。
2)雙壓閥 與門功能
3) 快速排氣閥
作用:是為了加快汽缸運(yùn)動(dòng)速度作快速排氣的。
在給定條件下工作地汽缸殺毒很大程度上取決于控制閥的大小,如需要提高速度(尤其是需要提高單向速度時(shí)),可安裝一個(gè)快速排氣閥,而不必承擔(dān)大型控制閥的費(fèi)用。
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